-  AGRIC.  DEPT. 


MISSOURI  STATE 
HORTICULTURAL  SOCIETY 


Report  Ordered  by  the 

Executive  Committee 

On 

Business  Matters  of  the  Society 


J.  C.  Whitten,  President,  Columbia,  Mo. 
C.  H.  Dutcher,  Vice-President,  Warrensburg,  Mo. 
W.  G.  Gano,  2nd  Vice-President,  Parkville,  Mo. 
L.  A.  Goodman,  Secretary,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 
W.  T.  Floumoy,  Treasurer,  Marionville,  Mo. 


MISSOURI  STATE 
HORTICULTURAL  SOCIETY 


REPORT  BY  THE  EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE 


ON 


THE  TREASURER'S,  THE  FINANCE  COMMITTEE 
AND  THE  SPECIAL  COMMITTEE  REPORTS 


The   Letters,    Discussions,    Papers    and    Resolutions    Con 

cerning  the  Gano  Apple.    The  Rules  of  Nomenclature 

Adopted  by  the   American   Pomological  Society. 

The   Report   of   W.    H.    Ragan,    Expert 

U.  S.  Pomologist  on  the  Name  of 

the    Gano    Apple    and    its 

Synonyms. 


THE  HUGH  STEPHENS  PRINTING  COMPANY. 

JEFFERSON  CITF,    MO. 


\ 
*> 


Report  of  Treasurer,  W.  G.  Gano,  June  7,  10,  '04. 


Jan  30,  N.   F.  Murray,  expense  to  Kansas  meeting..  $11  30 

Hudson-Kimberly  Pub.  Co.,  5,000  envelopes.  10  oo 

Hudson-Kimberly  Pub.  Co.,  2,000  letter  heads  12  50 
Express    on   fruit,    winter    meeting,     $4.00, 

$1.25,  750.,  $1.22,   $2.10,   $1,25 ii  82 


Warrant  No.    546   ' $45 

Jan.  30.  Express,  250.,  250.,  470.,  400 $i  37 

Salary  of  secretary  for  January 66  66 

Salary  of  typewriter  for  January 20  oo 


Warrant  No.    547   $88  03 

Mar.  14.  Postoffice   bill    $40  oo 

Salary  of  secretary  for  February  66  66 

-  Salary   of  typewriter  for  February  20  oo 


Warrant  No.  548 .' $126  66 

Mar-  31.  Expense  W.  G.  Gano  to  Ex.  Com.,  St.  Louis.  $19  35 

G.  T.  Tippin,  same   17  oo 

C.  H.  Dutcher,  same   1600 

D.  A.  Robnett,  same 14  82 

Salary   of  secretary   for  March 66  66 

Salary  of  typewriter  for  March 20  oo 


Warrant  No.   549 . . $153  83 

May  21,  Express  on  photos 40 

Telephone  to  Odessa    35 

Scotford,  pencils  and  pens $2  20 

Salary  of   secretary  for   April   66  66 

Salary  of  typewriter  for  April 20  oo 


Warrant  No.  550 $89  61 

320929 


4  State  Horticultural  Society. 

May  21;  .Expense  W.  G.  Gano,  to  Nichols  and  return.  $17  60 
Expenses  D.  A.  Robnett,  to  Kansas  City  and 

return   14  30 

D.  A.  Robnett,  'postage  for  two  years. .....  10  oo 

D.  A.  Robnett,  telegram 2  40 

Expenses  J.  C.  Whitten,  Kansas  City  and  re- 
turn    II  85 

Expenses  J.  C.  Whitten,  Louisiana  and  return  6  70 

Expense  L.  A.  Goodman,  Ex.  Com.  meetings  24  20 


Warrant  No.    551   $87  05 

May  21.  Expenses  G.   T.   Tippin,  Ex.  Com.   meeting, 

St.  Louis  $19  60 

Expenses  C.  H.  Butcher,  meetings  St.  Louis 

and  Kansas  City 15  10 

Expenses  D.  A.  Robnett,  Ex.  Com.  meeting, 

St.   Louis     12  35 

Expenses  W.    G.  Gano,    Ex.    Com.   meeting, 

St.    Louis 23  10 


Warrant    No.  552   $70  15 

May  21.  Postoffice  bill   $21  oo 

Scotford,  1,500  programs  and  one  dozen  peiir 

holders    10  25 

Scotford,  500  double  post  cards,  printing...  12  50 

Salary   of  secretary   for  May 66  66 

Salary  of  typewriter  for  May    20  oo 


Warrant  No.  553    $130  41 


Total    amount    $791  36 

RECEIPTS — 1904. 

Balance  on  hand  January  I,  1904 240  96 

Jan.  30.  Received  from  State  treasurer    825  85 

Received  from  Md.  State  Society  per  L.  A.  Goodman.       72  oo 


Total  receipts   $1538  81 

Total  paid  out    791  36 


Balance  on  hand $347  45 


Summer  Meeting.  5 

Since  making  this  report,  I  have  received  from  the  State  treasurer, 
June  2r  1904,  the  sum  of  $791.36.  This  makes  a  total  sum  of  money 
in  my  hands  which  I  turn  over  to  my  successor  in  office,  W.  T.  Flour- 
noy,  of  $1,138.81.  The  expense  of  this  meeting  and  premiums  awarded 
will,  of  course,  be  deducted  from  this  amount. 

W.  G.  GANG, 

Treasurer. 


,Mr.  Chairman :  Your  committee,  after  looking  over  the  Treasurer's 
report,  find  bills  and  receipts  for  each  and  every  item  in  account.  Also 
find  drafts  for  amount  to  balance  his  account. 

D.   A.    ROBNETT, 

W.  T.  FLOURNOY, 
P.  K.  SYLVESTER. 
Adopted. 


The  report  of  the  Finance  Committee  and  the  resolutions  offered 
and  adopted  on  another  day  of  the  meeting  are  submitted  here  at  the 
conclusion  of  the  Treasurer's  report;  also  the  discussion  on  the  Finance 
Committee  report.  The  Executive  Committee  authorize  the  following 
statements  and  notations  in  order  that  our  members  may  have  a  full 
understanding : 

AFTER   THE  REPORT  OF  THE  FINANCE  CO'MMITTEE. 

A  statement  followed  the  report  to  the  effect  that  the  $1,000  which 
was  placed  in  the  Mississippi  Valley  Trust  Company  by  order  of  the 
Executive  Committee,  was  still  there  and  $100  had  been  spent  for  four 
chairs  and  two  desks  for  use  at  the  World's  Fair.  This  was  done  by 
vote  of  the  Executive  Committee  and  the  treasurer  issued  the  check  for 
the  same.  There  is,  therefore,  still  left  to  the  credit  of  the  society  over 
$1,000,  including  interest.  This  fund,  while  deposited  in  the  name  of 
the  Society,  can  be  drawn  only  by  the  treasurer  on  order  of  Executive 
Committee  and  of  the  President  and  Secretary,  the  same  as  all  other 
moneys  are  drawn. 

This  money  has  been  accumulating  for  a  number  of  years  and  it  has 
been  the  aim  of  the  Society  to  save  and  establish  a  fund  of  $2,000,  or 
more  of  their  own.  The  time  is  here  when  a'nother  $1,000  can  be  set 
aside  and  added  to  this  amount. 


6  State  Horticultural  Society. 

Later  the  Executive  Committee  decided  that  $500  more  should  be 
added  to  this  fund  and  be  deposited  the  same  as  the  other  with  the  Mis- 
sissippi Valley  Trust  Company,  which  was  clone,  making  about  $1,500 
now  in  the  hands  of  the  Mississippi  Valley  Trust  Company  to  the  credit 
of  oiir  Society. — Secretary. 

DISCUSSION  ON  TREASURER'S  REPORT. 

E.  W.  Stark — Is  there  an  opportunity  for  remarks  ?  I  wish  to  make 
a  few  remarks.  Upon  the  report  of  the  treasurer  the  other  day  I  asked 
him  if  there  were  other  funds  in  his  hands.  I  asked  him  of  another  item 
and  he  said  he  had  received  it  from  the  secretary.  I  got  no  information 
and  talked  with  him  afterwards,  and  got  no  information ;  and  asked  the 
committee  and  got  no  information  other  than  that  they  had  examined 
the  treasurer's  report.  Under  our  laws  and  constitution  the  treasurer 
is  instructed  to  hold  the  funds  and  to  hold  them  for  warrants  drawn  by 
the  president  and  secretary  on  treasurer,  the  voucher  to  be  furnished  by 
the  secretary.  Interrogating  the  treasurer  I  asked  the  expenditures  and 
find  they  are  itemized,  but  he  does  not  know  the  source  of  his  receipts. 
January  3oth  received  from  L.  A.  Goodman  $72.00.  I  asked  the  treas- 
urer for  the  voucher  which  the  secretary  furnished  and  he  said  it  was 
a  balance  which  the  secretary  turned  over  to  him.  I  went  to  the  com- 
mittee who  examine  the  treasurer's  report  and  received  no  information. 
I  do  not  know  from  whom  to  make  the  inquiry  except  here. 

NOTE— The  Secretary  furnishes  no  voucher  for  money  turned  into  the  hands  of  the 
Treasurer.  The  money  comes  direct  from  the  Stute  Treasurer  on  an  order  signed  by  the 
President  and  Secretary,  and  the  Treasurer  does  know  where  all  the  money  comes  from. 

This  Society  is  incorporated  for  a  specific  purpose  under  a  consti- 
tution which  specifies  the  duties  each  officer  is  to  perform.  As  I  read 
the  constitution  I  see  by  the  by-laws  that  the  treasurer  is  to  act  as  cus- 
todian and  receive  money  and  issue  it  on  warrants  by  the  secretary.  As 
I  understand  it,  the  secretary  is  to  keep  the  record  and  issue  warrants 
as  specified,  and  if  he  receives  money  he  is  to  turn  it  over  to  the  treasurer. 
As  a  member  I  deem  it  my  privilege  to  know  the  source.  I  am  unable 
to  glean  any  information  from  the  treasurer  and  the  committee.  The 
report  of  the  treasurer  has  the  items  of  expense,  but  not  the  receipts. 

NOTE— The  Society  has  a  constitution  but  no  by-laws;  and  if  reference  is  made,  it  plain- 
ly shows  that  the  Executive  Committee  have  full  power  over  all  the  money  in  our  hands,  and 
in  drawing  money  from  the  State,  and  all  other  business  dealings  with  the  State. 

D.  A.  Robnett,  Chairman  Committee  on  Finance — I  said  I  would  ask 
for  the  information  and  I  did  so  and  found  it ;  also  the  information  con- 
cerning the  special  fund  and  reported  it  to  you  myself.  This  spe- 
cial fund  was  reported 'last  year  and  the  account  is  with  the  Missouri 


Summer  Meeting.  7 

State  Horticultural  Society  and  the  treasurer  has  it  deposited  with  the 
Mississippi  Valley  Trust  Company  at  St.  Louis.  This  is  not  an  annual 
session  and  the  secretary  inserted  it  in  last  year's  report,  $992.62  on  hand 
and  $100.00  paid  out  for  World's  Fair.  Mr.  Gano  has  it  in  the  name 
of  the  Society  at  St.  Louis.  'Mr.  Stark  said  he .  wanted  to  be  on  the 
Finance  Committee,  and  I  thought  he  should  be,  so  I  asked  the  president 
to  appoint  him,  and  he  kindly  did  so,  but  Mr.  'Stark  would  not  accept  it, 
and  refused  to  look  into  this  matter  with  us,  in  spite  of  the  fact  that  he 
was  given  every  opporunity  by  the  committee. 

L.  A.  Goodman — The  money  can  not  be  drawn  from  this  special 
fund  by  the  treasurer  alone.  After  the  death  of  Mr.  Nelson  and  a  new 
treasurer  was  appointed,  this  fund  could  not  be  turned  over  until  mat- 
ters were  settled  and  the  certificate  of  deposit  turned  over  to  the  Exe- 
cutive Committee,  but  as  soon  as  settled  the  money  was  deposited  in  the 
name  of  the  Society  and  is  now  held  in  the  name  of  the  Society  by  the 
Mississippi  Valley  Trust  Company.  I  told  Mr.  Stark  personally  every- 
thing he  asked.  We  get  our  money  by  checks  from  the  State  treasurer, 
sent  directly  to  our  Society  treasurer.  It  has  been  our  ambition  to  set 
aside  two  thousand  dollars  for  a  permanent  fund,  and  this  money  is  the 
beginning  of  it.  The  $72.00  referred  to  was  a  refund  from  the  Mary- 
land society  for  money  paid  out'  for  my  expenses  to  their  meeting,  and 
I  told  him  of  this  also.  He  has  known  all  the  facts  in  connection 
with  all  our  money  matters,  for  I  had  explained  them  all  to  him. 

When  we  draw  a  requisition  on  the  State  Auditor  we  have  to  present 
a  list  of  paid  bills  and  send  a  certified  list  to  Jefferson  City.  I  have  had 
to  pay  these  bills  as  they  come  in,  express,  travel,  printing,  post  office, 
etc.,  and  I  do  this  all  the  time.  It  is  the  same  way  with  this  Exposition 
work.  The  Missouri  Commission  sometimes  owed  me  from  three  to 
six  hundred  dollars  at  a  time.  This  money  was  turned  over  after  the 
meeting  because  we  have  to  settle  bills  that  way.  I  explained  to  Mr. 
Stark  and  supposed  it  was  satisfactory,  and  I  am  ready  to  explain  to 
every  member.  The  Executive  Committee,  to  whom  all  such  things  are 
referred,  and  who  have  the  power  to  act  in  all  such  cases,  had  full 
knowledge  of  this  whole  matter  as  did  also  many  of  our  old  members. 
There  was  nothing  hidden  or  covered  up,  but  all  was  done  above  board 
and  Mr.  Stark  was  told  of  it  all  personally  by  myself.  In  preparation 
for  the  World's  Fair  we  were  running  three  stations  and  there  were 
expenses  of  express,  processing  and  buying  fruit  and  some  of  the  money 
was  so  used,  as  is  our  custom  to  use  it,  and  make  the  settlement  after- 
ward, sometimes  months  afterwards.  This  was  done  in  this  instance  as 
it  has  been  done  often  before,  and  the  Executive  Committee  so  author- 
ized it. 


8  State  Horticultural  Society. 

Mr.  Stark — I  would  ask  the  question,  what  is  your  plan  and  policy 
of  settlement  with  the  treasurer? 

Mr.  Goodman — We  aim  to  settle  once  a  year,  including  memberships. 
We  make  partial  settlements  with  each  other  according  to  the  semi- 
annual and  annual  reports,  as  shown  by  the  warrants  issued  each  month. 

Mr.  Stark — Is' this  settlement  the  only  one? 

Mr.  Goodman — This  is  the  settlement  we  make  once  a  year. 

Mr.  Stark — I  ask  this  as  my  privilege  and  right  as  a  member. 

Mr.  Goodman— That  is  supposed  to  be  the  final  settlement.  Partial 
settlements  are  made  once  or  twice  a  month  with  the  treasurer,  and  war- 
rants are  drawn.  The  complete  one  is  never  made  until  December,  and 
then  everything  is  not  always  settled.  Membership  fees  are  sometimes 
carried  over,  and  also  some  other  expenses,  as  we  have  found  this  some- 
times necessary,  and  the  above  instance  is  one  of  them. 

Mr.  Robnett — Mr.  Stark  was  told  that  the  $72  was  returned  from 
the  Maryland  society,  and  he  knew  all  about  it. 

Mr.  Stark — I  made  inquiry  the  first  day  of  the  treasurer  and  have 
the  right  to  know.  The  constitution  specifies  the  duties  and  how  the 
account  shall  be  kept.  The  reports  of  officers  should  be  correct,  of  the 
right  sources  and  right  expenditures,  and  I  ask  if  such  has  been  made 
to  the  society? 

Mr.  Goodman — You  have  been  informed  of  this  whole  matter  time 
and  again.  The  source  of  every  dollar  has  always  been  given  and  for 
what  expended. 

Mr.  Gano — The  warrants  were  used  for  monthly  statements  which 
are  partial  settlements  only.  The  secretary  and  treasurer  keep  a  run- 
ning account  as  suits  their  convenience. 

Mr.  Stark — Have  the  duties  of  treasurer  been  carried  out? 

Mr.  Williams — Do  you  show  all  the  bills  to  the  State  Auditor  ? 

Mr.  Goodman — No,  certainly  not.  No  bills  have  ever  been  given  to 
the  State  Auditor  in  the  history  of  the  society.  The  law  does  not  re- 
quire him  to  look  over  a  lot  of  bills,  but  a  list  of  them  certified  to  by  the 
president  and  secretary  is  sent  him  according  to  law,  the  warrants  issued 
(after  being  paid)  just  as  the  law  requires,  and  he  never  gets  any  of 
our  bills.  They  are  all  audited  by  the  Finance  Committee  of  the  State 
Society. 

Member — The  money  is  held  by  the  laws  of  the  State  and  the  rules 
of  the  Society,  and  that  should  be  enough. 

Mr.  Stark — This  makes  no  authority  for  payment. 

NOTE— It  does  make  authority  for  payment  and  payment  is  made  by  a  warrant  drawn 
by  the  President  and  Secretary.  After  the  Secretary  makes  out  the  warrant  the  President 
can  refuse  to  sign  it  if  he  thinks  it  not  right:  and  after  the  warrant  is  signed  by  the  President 


Summer  Meeting.  9 

and  Secretary,  the  Treasurer  can  still  refuse  to  pay  it  if  he  should  think  it  not  correct.  This 
authority  conies  by  State  law  and  by  the  rules  of  the  Society .  If  the  gentleman  had  ever  at- 
tended a  meeting  of  our  Society  he  would  have  known  all  these  things.  The  Executive  Gom- 
mitte  have  entire  control  of  this  whole  matter. 

Mr.  Stark — There  is  but  one  way  and  that  is  the  right  way  as  a 
corporation.  This  has  not  been  done. 

Mr.  Goodman — It  has  been  done  and  you  know  it  has  for  I  Have  told 
you  all  the  circumstances,  and  this  plan  we  have  followed  for  thirty  years. 

Mr.  Burkam — Mr.  President,  I  rise  to  a  point  of  personal  privilege : 
I  can't  sit  still  and  listen  any  longer  to  these  accusations  made  by 
aspersions  and  innuedoes,  and  I  demand  of  Mr.  Stark  that  he  file  a  state- 
ment of  any  charges  he  has  to  make  with  the  secretary.  I  make  this 
as  a  motion  to  have  Mr.  Stark  write  down  his  claims  and  put  in  writing 
his  charges  against  any  member  or  members  of  the  Society  and  file  it  at 
once  with  the  secretary. 

The  motion  was  seconded. 

J.  M.  Irvine — We  can't  cover  up  a  wrong.  The  Society  is  laying 
up  trouble  for  itself. 

Mr.  Goodman — The  Society  has  nothing  to  cover  up  and  never  has 
had  anything  to  cover  up.  All  you  have  to  do  is  to  open  your  eyes  and 
see ;  the  reports  show  it  all.  Every  cent  of  money  ever  received  and 
every  cent  ever  paid  out  by  the  Society  is  a  matter  of  record. 

Mr.  Burkam — My  object  is  not  to  smother  any  wrong,  but  I  want 
the  charges  filed  against  the  people  who  are  charged  with  dishonesty 
or  carelessness  or  neglect.  I  want  to  know  and  the  public  wants  to 
know  the  truth  of  these  matters.  I  am  a  new  member  and  I  want  to 
know  whether  these  men  are  responsible.  I  insist  on  the  motion. 

The  motion  was  put  and  carried. 

NOTE-This  filing  of  charges,  Mr.  Stark  failed  to  do  at  the  time,  and  has  failed  to  do 
anything  of  the  kind  since. 

W.  G.  Campbell — I  think  there  were  no  charges  made  and  the 
treasurer's  report  does  cover  all  funds. 

C.  H.  Dutcher — Mr.  Stark  does  not  accuse  the  officers  of  stealing 
or  dishonesty.-  The  methods  of  accounts  and  reports  should  be  improved. 
The  $72  could  have  been  reported  in  December,  but  was  not,  because  Mr. 
Goodman  was  using  the  money  for  the  Fair,  as  the  appropriation  was 
not  available  until  money  was  spent  and  bills  rendered. 

I  move  that  while  we  have  explicit  confidence  in  the  integrity  and 
honesty  of  our  secretary,  Mr.  L.  A.  Goodman,  and  our  outgoing  treas- 
urer, Mr.  W.  G.  Gano,  in  the  handling  of  the  funds  of  our  Society,  and 
that  we  are  proud  of  the  fact  that  the  reports  of  the  Financial  Committee, 
show  not  the  loss  or  misappropriation  of  a  single  dollar,  we  recommend 


io  State  Horticultural  Society. 

such  a  change  in  the  method  of  keeping  the  accounts  that  the  books  of 
the  treasurer  shall  show  more  clearly  the  source  of  all  receipts,  that  every 
dollar  shall  pass  through  the  hands  of  the  treasurer,  and  that  the  pres- 
ent system  of  balances  be  discontinued. 

This  motion  was  seconded  and  carried. 

Motion  offered  by  Mr.  Stark — 1  move  you,  Mr.  President,  that  a  com- 
mittee of  three  be  appointed  to  investigate  this  fund  of  $1,000  or  more, 
for  which  no  report  was  made  to  this  meeting  by  the  treasurer,  ascer- 
taining who  is  the  custodian  of  the  fund  and  by  whose  authority  they 
are  acting,  ascertaining  from  what  source  the  fund  was  derived,  tracing 
it  -fromi  its  incipiency  down  to  the  present  date,  informing  the  Society 
who  has  been  handling  it,  what  additions  have  been  made  to  it,  who 
have  been  drawing  checks  or  warrants  against  it  and  for  what  purpose 
such  disbursements  have  been  made.  This  committee  further  to  have 
the  authority  to  at  once  take  possession  of  this  fund  and  turn  it  over 
to  the  treasurer  who  is  the  proper  custodian  of  all  funds  belonging  to 
the  Society. 

Mr.  Dutcher — I  second  the  motion. 

Member — I  enter  a  protest  to  this  motion  as  its  endorsement  implies 
that  the  report  does  not  cover  the  whole  of  our  funds. 

The  question  was  called  and  the  motion  carried. 

NOTE— This  money  is  now  in  the  hands  of  the  Treasurer  and  has  always  been  in  the 
hands  of  the  Society  and  is  now  deposited  with  the  Mississipp  Valley  Trust  Company  of  St. 
Louis  as  Mr.  Stark  well  knows.  Later  in  the  year  President  Whitten  appointed  Hon.  M.  B. 
Greensfelder  of  Clayton,  Judge  O.  B.  McAfee  of  Springfield  and  Prof.  S.  A.  Hoover  of  War- 
rensburg  as  the  committee  to  report  on  this  matter  at  the  Winter  meeting.  This  report  is  to 
be  found  in  the  minutes  of  the  Winter  meeting,  business  meeting,  fifth  session. 

In  our  report  for  1901  the  Treasurer  reported  the  special  fund  of  $1,071.20  on  hands,  and 
with  interest  to  1902  made  the  amount  $1,092.62.  One  hundred  dollars  of  this  fund  was  spent 
for  office  furniture  at  the  World's  Fair,  by  order  of  the  Executive  Committee,  and,  in  the  re- 
port of  1903  the  Treasurer  showed  as  a  balance  on  hand  $992.92,  and  accrued  interest;  thus 
making  a  complete  report  of  all  the  money  on  hand  in  the  Mississippi  Valley  Trust  Company. 

Mr.  Dutcher  introduced  a  resolution  on  the  Gano  and  Black  Ben 
Davis  controversy. 

RESOLUTION    CONCERNING   THE   BLACK   BEN    DAVIS-GANO    CONTROVERSY. 

In  view  of  the  present  status  of  the  Black  Ben  Davis-Gano  contro- 
versy, your  Executive  Committee,  the  special  committee  on  said  contro- 
versy concurring,  feel  it  is  due  all  parties  interested  and  affected  that 
the  following  statement  be  made : 

I.  Our  action  in  appointing  said  committee  was  a  legitimate  one, 
being  in  harmony  with  the  position  often  taken  in  our  discussions  and 
which  found  formal  expression  in  the  resolutions  recorded  on  pages  89 
and  90  of  the  1902  report. 


Summer  Meeting.  n 

2.  In  harmony  with  the  latitude  given  the  committee  at  the  time 
of  its  appointment,  it  decided  that  their  investigation  of  the  facts  obtain- 
able concerning  -the  origin,  dissemination  and  characteristics  of  the  Black 
Ren  Davis  and  Gano  apples,  should  be  reported  on  account  of  any  bear- 
ing they  might  have  upon  the  origin  of  the  varieties  and  for  their  his- 
torical value  should  they  possess  any,  and  that  the  work  should  be  done 
in  the  same  spirit  in  which  one  might  trace  the  origin  of  a  cultivated, 
plant  in  order  to  determine  if  possible  whether  it  was  an  indigenous  or 
an  introduced  species. 

3.  When  this  was  accomplished,  we  considered  our  duty  to  the 
fruit  growers  fully  performed  and  hoped  to  hear  no  more  of  an  already 
unpleasant  controversy.     But  whereas  the  Stark  Bros.,  of  Louisiana,  Mo., 
think  a  too  strenuous  interpretation  has  been  given  the  statement  made 
by  their  representative,  Mr.  Crow,  at  the  summer  meeting  of  1902,  viz. : 
"that  the  Stark  Bros,  think  it  right  to  appoint  the  committee;  all  they 
ask  is  a  fair  committee,"  and  that  as  a  result  they  have  been  placed  in 
an  unjust  attitude,  the  Society  would  state  the  Stark  Bros,  did  not  in 
any  other  way  ask  for  the  appointment  of  the  committee,  did  not,  to  our 
knowledge,  verbally  accept  the  personnel  of  the  committee  nor  agree  to 
stand  by  its  report,  but  manifested  an  acquiescent  interest  in  its  work 
by  placing  in  their  possession  information,  and  accompanying  them  in  an 
interested  capacity  on  their  trip  into  Arkansas,  which  acts  were  calcu- 
lated to  leave  the  impression  that  they  were  satisfied  with  the  committee, 
while  it  did  not  imply,  as  a  matter  of  fact,  they  would  agree  to  its  find- 
ings in  case  the  report  went  against  their  position ;  and 

Whereas,  it  is  now  claimed  and  charged  by  the  Stark  Bros.,  that 
since  the  report  was  made  its  legitimate  function  seems  to  have  been 
lost  sight  of  by  some,  to  be  considered  from  the  standpoint  of  its  alleged 
bearing  upon  commercial  interests  alone  to  the  exclusion  of  any  scientific 
or  historical,  or  other  value,  the  report  may  possess,  and  that  some  have 
unduly  used  it  to  their  detriment  in  business,  and  to  their  injury  in 
reputation  and  character,  for  which  our  action  furnished  the  occasion^ 
this  Society  would  state  and  does  now  state,  that  it  never  contemplated 
any  such  use  of  the  report  as  is  charged,  and  that  it  was  not  our  intention 
to  unjustly  interfere  with  any  established  commercial  interest;  that  recog- 
nizing the  fact  that  some  horticulturists  and  fruit  growers  do  not  con- 
cur in  the  conclusions  of  our  committee,  we  recommend  every  one  in- 
terested in  the  matter  to  consider  the  entire  evidence  as  brought  out 
upon  both  sides,  and  make  up  his  own  opinion;  and  that  we  should  all 
avoid  any  over-zealous  defense  of  personal  opinion  which  migh  lead  to 
misunderstanding  and  partisan  strife. 


12  State  Horticultural  Society. 


DISCUSSION    ON    BLACK    BEN    DAVIS    CONTROVERSY. 

Mr.  Stark — This  resolution  indicates  recent  developments,  since  the 
report  of  the  committee  appointed  to  investigate  the  question  of  two  vari- 
eties called  Black  Ben  Davis  and  Gano.  I  deny  asking  for  such  a  com- 
mittee, or  that"  I  am  satisfied  with  the  personnel,  or  that  I  accept  the  re- 
port. (Refers  to  letters.) 

We  received  a  letter  from  Prof.  Whitten  stating  that  he  had  learned 
many  things,  and  would  like  to  come  to  Louisiana,  and  we  answered  to 
come,  and  bring  Mr.  Robnett  with  him.  They  owed  it  to  themselves  to 
take  the  initiative.  A  statement  was  prepared  and  mailed  to  us,  but  was 
not  satisfactory.  We  went  to  Columbia,  but  could  not  accept  it.  We 
sent  another  statement  with  a  few  additions,  but  President  Whitten  and 
Mr.  Robnett  were  unwilling  to  sign  this. 

Mr.  Robnett  made  a  motion  to  postpone  the  discussion  until  two 
o'clock. 

Mr.  Todd  offered  an  amendment  to  table  the  whole  until  the  winter 
meeting.  This  was  amended  to  give  Mr.  Stark  twenty  minutes  to  finish 
his  statement. 

The  amendment  as  amended  was  carried. 

Mr.  Stark — We  would  not  accept  the  article  unless  as  worded  by  us, 
but  would  accept  it  as  finally  signed  by  part  of  the  Executive  Committee. 
As  far  as  the  personnel  of  the  committee  for  the  investigation  is  con- 
cerned, Mr.  Goodman  is  at  the  bottom  of  the  whole,  and  responsible  for 
it.  We  have  heard  that  he  said  the  apples  were  the  same.  We  find 
that  Mr.  Goodman  introduced  the  question  and  asked  for  the  investiga- 
tion and  made  the  statement  that  he  had  received  hundreds  of  inquiries 
as  to  the  two.  Mr.  Robnett  consulted  Mr.  Goodman  on  the  committee. 
Mr.  Goodman  -is  the  instigator,  he  never  lost  an  opportunity  to  say  the 
apples  were  the  same,  never  said  a  \vord  in  favor,  never  recommended  a 
customer  to  Stark  Bros.  He  said  Starks  imposition  should  be  settled 
by  the  Society.  In  conclusion  we  want  the  members  to  know  what  led 
to  the  controversy,  and  the  expense.  We  mean  to  publish  the  whole 
matter. 

NOTE— This  gives  the  secret  of  all  the  trouble,  about  the  money  matters  as  well . 

G.  T.  Tippin — I  am  glad  my  reputation  is  worth  as  much  before  this 
Society  as  though  I  were  not  a  nurseryman.  I  am  one  of  the  men  who 
would  not  sign  the  statement  Mr.  Stark  wanted,  and  my  brother  officers 
are  glad  we  refused  to  do  so.  In  fact  the  officers  withdrew  their  sig- 
natures, and  Stark  Bros,  had  no  right  to  the  statement  at  all,  as  it  was 
not  to  be  given  to  them  unless  signed  by  the  entire  Executive  Com- 


Summer  Meeting.  13 

mittee,  and  as  it  was  never  signed,  it  was  never  delivered.  Messrs. 
Whitten,  Flournoy  and  Evans  are  honorable  gentlemen.  The  report 
was  made  in  the  interest  of  fruit  growers  and  is  an  honest  decision. 
The  Society  or  the  Executive  Committee  are  not  responsible  if  the  report 
is  misused.  The  report  should  not  be  criticised,  nor  impugned,  the  reso- 
lutions did  not  authorize  any  abuse  of  the  report.  I  know  that  this 
committee  settled  this  controversy  once  and  for  all,  and  the  Society  con- 
curred in  their  finding  unanimously. 

On  motion  the  resolutions  introduced  by  Mr.  Dutcher  were  adopted 
without  a  dissenting  voice. 

NOTE— Concerning  the  report  sent  out  by  the  Starks  as  coming  from  the  Executive 
Committee:  This  article  was  signed  by  a  part  of  the  Executive  Committee  and  the  Black  Ben 
Davis  and  Gano  Committee,  with  the  understanding  that  it  should  not  become  public  unless 
signed  by  all  of  them.  Never  having  been  signed  by  them  all,  It  was  never  delivered  to  Stark 
Bros.,  nor  given  to  the  public,  and  the  Executive  Committee  passed  the  following,  which  was 
signed  by  every  member  of  the  committee,  and  sent  to  Stark  Bros.,  and  ordered  embodied  in 
the  report  of  1904,  as  their  final  conclusion  in  this  matter: 

St.  Louis,  Mo.,  May3, 1904. 
W.  P.  Stark,  Treasurer: 

Dear  Sir.— The  whole  Board  having  utterly-  refused  to  concur  in  the  statement  sent  by 
you  to  Messrs.  Robnett  and  Whitten,  and  a  further  discussion  of  said  statement  having 
brought  out  more  fully  the  real  purport  of  the  same,  those  who  did  sign  withdrew  their 
names,  and  it  was  unanimously  agreed  to  take  no  action  in  the  matter. 

The  Special  Black  Ben  Davis-Gano  Committee  consider  that  their  work  ended  when 
their  report  was  made  and  accepted  and  they  were  discharged. 

D. A. ROBNETT,  President. 

G.T.TIPPIN,  Vice- President. 

O.H.DUTOHER,  Second  Vice-President. 

L.  A.  GOODMAN,  Secretary. 

W.  G.  GANO,  Treasurer. 


NOMENCLATURE. 


Over  twenty  years  ago  the  Society  adopted  the  rules  of  the  American 
Pomological  Society  as  then  sent  out  in  their  report.  The  Society  has 
followed  these  rules  in  the  naming  of  all  the  fruits  which  have  been  pre- 
sented for  name  or  which  have  been  shown  at  any  of  our  meetings, 
never  allowing  the  renaming  of  any  old  apples  and  always  insisting 
en  only  one  word  for  a  name. 

Our  Society  therefore,  by  the  action  of  its  Executive  Committee 
gladly  acquiesces  in  the  "New  Rules  of  the  American  Pomological 
Society." 

In  order  that  our  Society  may  fully  understand  the  rules  of  nomencla- 
ture as  adopted  by  the  American  Polomogical  Society  at  its  last  meet- 
ing in  Boston,  and  approved  of  all  our  State  Horticulture  Societies  of  the 
United  States,  it  has  been  ordered  by  the  Executive  Committee  that  these 
rules  be  embodied  in  our  report,  and  the  report  of  W.  H.  Ragan,  Expert 
in  Pomological  Nomenclature  as  far  as  it  refers  to  some  of  our  Missouri 
fruits,  be  published  for  the  benefit  of  our  fruit  growers,  and  those  con- 
templating the  orchard  business. 

It  was  also  decided  that  in  view  of  the  statements  which  have  been 
sent  out,  and  in  justification  of  the  action  of  the  Society  in  its  decisions, 
and  in  order  to  re-affirm  the  position  it  has  taken  in  regard  to  its  find- 
ings as  to  the  names  of  our  Missouri  apples  and  nomenclature  in  gen- 
eial,  the  following  should  be  prepared  and  published: 

A   WISE   COURSE  REGARDING   NOMENCLATURE. 

It  seems  to  us  that  the  annual  horticultural  meetings  should  take 
note  of  the  importance  of  a  standard  nomenclature.  This  is  a  matter 
of  direct  interest  to  both  fruit  grower  and  nurseryman.  Fortunately 
a  standard  is  available;  the  subject  has  been  considered  by  the  leading 
men  of  the  great  fruit  industry.  At  the  expense  of  considerable  time 
and  money,  the  American  Pomological  Society  composed  of  the  best 
thought  and  the  ripest  experience  in  fruit  matters,  has  prepared  a  list 
of  names  of  fruits  of  this  country  which  is  rightly  regarded  as  the 
standard.  The  nursery  trade  has  had  occasion  during  the  present  year 
to  note  the  importance  of  having  such  a  list  and  of  guiding  its  actions 
by  it. 


Additional  Papers.  15 

In  its  report  at  the  Boston  meeting  of  the  American  Pomological 
Society,  in  September  1903,  the  committee  on  nomenclature  which  had 
been  engaged  four  years  in  formulating  a  code  of  rules  for  the  more 
perfect  naming  of  fruits,  said : 

"In  the  light  of  past  experiences,  the  unrestricted  naming  of  fruit 
varieties  by  originators,  discoverers  and  introducers  has  resulted  in 
complexity,  confusion  and  frequent  duplication  of  fruit  names,  alike 
destructive  to  scientific  accuracy  in  pomology  and  detrimental  to  the  best 
interests  of  both  amateur  and  the  commercial  fruit  grower." 

The  Code  of  Pomological  Nomenclature,  adopted  by  the  American 
Society  at  the  Boston  meeting,  consists  of  five  rules  which  may  be  sum- 
marized as  follows : 

RULE  i — Priority.  No  two  varieties  of  the  same  kind  of  fruit  shall 
bear  the  same  name.  The  name  first  published  for  variety  shall  be  the 
accepted  and  recognized  name,  except  in  cases  where  it  has  been  applied 
in  violation  of  this  code. 

A.  The  term  "kind"  as  herein  used  shall  be  understood  to  apply  to 
those  general  classes  of  fruits  which   are   grouped  together  in  common 
usage  without    regard    to  their  exact    botanical  relationship,  as  apple, 
cherry,  grape,  peach,  plum,  raspberry,  etc. 

B.  The  paramount  right  of    the  originator,  discoverer,  or    intro- 
ducer of  a  new  variety  to  name  it,  within  the  limitations  of  this  code,  is 
recognized   and  emphasized. 

C.  Where    a     variety    name    through    long    usage     has    become 
thoroughly  established  in  American  pomological    literature    for  -two  or 
more  varieties,    it  should  not  be    displaced  nor    radically    modified  for 
either  sort  except  in  cases  where  a  well  known  synonym  can  be  advanced 
to  the  position  of  leading  name.     The  several  varieties  bearing   identi- 
cal names  should  be  distinguished  by  adding  the  name  of  the  author  who 
first  described  each  sort,  or  by  adding  some  other  suitable  distinguishing 
term  which  will  insure  their  identity  in  catalogues  or  discussions. 

D.  Existing  American  names  of  varieties  which  conflict  with  earlier 
published  foreign  names  of  the  same,  or  other  varieties,  but  which  have 
become  thoroughly   established  through  long  usage,   shall  not  be  dis- 
placed. 

RULE  2 — Form  of  names.  The  name  of  a  variety  of  fruit  shall 
consist  of  a  single  word. 

A.  No  variety  should  be  named  unless  distinctly  superior  to  ex- 
isting varieties  in  some  important  characteristics,  nor  until  it  has  been 
determined  to   perpetuate   it  by   bud   propagation. 

B.  In  selecting  names  for  varieties  the  following  points  should  be 


i6  State  Horticultural  Society. 

emphasized:  Distinctiveness,  simplicity,  ease  of  pronunciation  and  spell- 
ing, indication  of  origin  or  parentage. 

C.  The  spelling  and  pronunciation  of  a  varietal  name  derived  from 
a  personal  or  geographical  name  should  be  governed  by  the  rules  which 
control  the  spelling  and  pronunciation  of  the  name  from  which  it  was 
derived. 

D.  A  variety  imported  from  a  foreign  country  should  retain  its 
foreign  name,  subject  only  to  such  modification  as  is  necessary  to  con- 
form it  to  this  code  or  render  it  intelligible  in  English. 

E.  The  name  of  a  person  should  not  be  applied  to  a  variety  dur- 
ing his  life  without  his  express  consent.    The  name  of  a  deceased  horti- 
culturist should  not  be  so  applied  except  through  formal  action  by  some 
competent   horticultural  body,  preferably   that  with  which  he  was   most 
closely  connected. 

F.  The  use  of  such  general  terms  as  seedling,  hybrid,  pippin,  pear- 
main,  buerre,   rare-ripe,  damson,  etc.,  is  not  admissible. 

G.  The  use  of  a   possessive  noun  as  a  name  is  not  admissible. 

H.  The  use  of  a  number,  either  singly  or  attached  to  a  word, 
should  be  considered  only  as  a  temporary  expedient  while  the  variety  is 
undergoing  preliminary  test. 

I.  In  applying  the  various  provisions  of  this  rule  to  an  existing 
varietal  name  which  has  through  long  usage  become  firmly  imjbedded  in 
American .  pomological  literature,  no  change  shall  be  made  which  will 
involve  loss  of  indentity. 

RULE  3 — In  the  full  and  formal  citation  of  a  variety  name,  the 
name  of  the  author  who  first  published  it  shall  also  be  given. 

RULE  4  — Publication  consists  ( I )  in  the  distribution  of  a  printed 
description  of  the  variety  named,  giving  the  distinguishing  characters  of 
fruit,  tree,  etc.,  or  (2)  in  the  publication  of  a  new  name  for  a  variety 
that  is  properly  described  elsewhere ;  such  publications  to  be  made  in  any 
book,  bulletin,  report,  trade  catalogue  or  periodical,  providing  the  issue 
bears  the  date  of  its  publication  and  is  generally  distributed  among 
nurserymen,  fruit  growers  and  horticulturists;  or  (3)  in  certain  cases, 
the  general  recognition  'O>f  a  name  for  a  propagated  variety  in  a  com- 
munity for  a  number  of  years  shall  constitute  publication  of  that  name. 

A.  In  determining  the  name  of  a  variety  to  "which  two  .or  more 
names  have  been  given  in  the  same  publication,  that  which  stands  first 
shall  have  precedence. 

RULE  5 — Revision.  No  properly  published  variety  name  shall  be 
changed  for  any  reason  except  conflict  with  this  code,  nor  shall  another 
variety  be  substituted  for  that  originally  described  thereunder. 


Additional  Papers.  17 

These  rules  are  brief,  even  in  their  full  form,  and  we  suggest  that  it 
would  be  well  to  incorporate  them  in  the  published  proceedings  of  every 
horticultural  society.  They  should  be  given  wide  dissemination  and 
should  be  available  for  all  nurserymen  and  fruit  growers  at  all  times. — 
American  Fruits. 

The  official  report  of  the  U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture  at 
Washington,  D.  C,  by  Prof.  W.  H.  Ragan,  expert  in  Pomological  Nom- 
enclature just  published,  gives  a  list  of  all  the  varieties  of  apples  from 
1804  to  1904,  (100  years),  aggregating  about  14,000  names  and  their 
synonyms. 

This  publication  being  the  result  of  a  number  of  years  of  study, 
investigation  and  practical  examination  of  hundreds  of  specimens  from 
all  parts  of  the  country,  by  all  the  experts  in  that  department,  is  the  most 
correct  report  on  nomenclature  ever  given  to  the  world  and  will  be 
accepted  by  all  Horticultural  Societies  as  correct. 

The  following  is  a  report  of  the  names  of  some  apples  and  their 
synonyms  as  found  in  Bulletin  No.  56,  published  by  the  Department  of 
Agriculture. 

"GANG,  synonym  Black  Ben  Davis,  Payton,  Red  Ben  Davis. 

"Black  Ben  Davis,  synonym  of  Gano. 

"Black  Ben  Davis,   synonym  of   Reagan. 

"Red  Ben  Davis,  synonym  of  Gano. 

"REAGAN,  synonym  Black  Ben  Davis,  [Ragan?]— Now  thought 
to  be  Gano. 

"Ragan  (incorrectly)  synonym  of  Reagan.  (Reagan  now  believed 
to  be  Gano.) 


THE  DECISION  OF  THE  COMMITTEE. 

December  10,  1903. 
"To  the  Missouri  State  Horticultural  Society : 

"Gentlemen. — Your  committee  appointed  to  investigate  the  origin 
and  characteristics  of  the  Black  Ben  Davis  and  Gano  apples  respectfully 
beg  leave  to  report  as  follows: 

"Inasmuch  as  some  horticulturists  are  positive  in  their  opinions 
that  Black  Ben  Davis  and  Gano  are  two  distinct  varieties  and  others 
were  equally  positive  that  they  are  one  and  the  same  variety,  the 
committee  decided  to  secure  all  possible  data  concerning  the  origin 
of  Black  Ben  Davis  and  Gano,  to  visit  bearing  orchards  where  the 

MSHS— 2 


state  Horticultural  Society. 

trees  and  fruit  could  be  compared '  and  to  secure  fruit  that  could  be 
kept  in  storage  and  compared  from  time  to  time  during  the  winter 
and  spring. 

"A  letter  was  addressed  to  the  introducers  of  Black  Ben  Davis,  asking 
for  data  concerning  the  origin  of  this  variety  and  the  location  of  the  trees 
from  which  they  secured  their  scions,  in  order  that  the  committee  might 
visit  these  trees.  This  request  was  promptly  responded  to  by  the 
introducers.  One  of  the  leading  members  of  their  firm  accompanied 
the  committee  to  the  Arkansas  orchard  from  which  they  secured  their 
Black  Ben  Davis  scions.  Every  possible  effort  was  made  by  them  to 
put  the  committee  in  possession  of  the  necessary  facts  and  materials  for 
the  investigation  and  they  co-operated  with  the  committee  throughout 
with  enthusiastic  zeal  to  facilitate  a  thorough  and  impartial  investigation. 

"The  committee  was  able  to  locate  then  the  original  Black  Ben  Davis 
tree  so  far  as  it  was  known  in  the  neighborhood,  but  could  obtain  na 
positive  evidence  as  to  whether  or  not  this  tree  was  a  seedling.  It 
was  found  also  that  the  variety  had  locally  sometimes  been  called  Reagan, 
in  honor  of  the  owner  of  the  farm  at  the  time  the  variety  was  being 
propagated  there.  The  introducers  used  the  name  Black  Ben  Davis, 
selecting  the  word  Black  in  honor  of  the  owner  of  the  place  where  the 
first  tree  started  in  the  neighborhood  and  the  name  Ben  Davis  because 
the  apple?  was  of  the  Ben  Davis  type  and  in  some  respects  resembled 
the  latter  variety.  The  committee  also  saw  Black  Ben  Davis  growing 
on  younger  trees  in  the  neighborhood  of  Lincoln,  and  took  specimens  of 
fruit  and  twigs  from  various  places  to  compare  with  Gano. 

"Since  Gano  has  been  named  and  has  been  disseminated  as  a  dis- 
tinct variety  attention  has  frequently  been  called  to  old  trees  of  this 
variety,  growing  here  and  there  in  Missouri  and  adjoining  states.  In 
some  cases  the  old  Jacks  orchard  in  Missouri  has  been  definitely  traced  as 
the  source  from  which  these  trees  came.  In  other  cases  where  the  source 
from  which  the  trees  came  cannot  be  definitely  determined  the  orchards 
frequently  contain  Ben  Davis  and  other  varieties  which  were  being  dis- 
seminated mainly  from  the  old  Jacks  orchard  at  about  the  time  these  trees 
must  have  been  planted  out.  Two  trees  of  Gano  have  been  definitely 
reported  from  an  old  orchard  in  Kearney,  which  was  planted  out  about 
1840,  the  two  Gano  trees  being  apparently  of  the  original  planting. 

"The  committee  secured  fruit  from  the  Black  Ben  Davis  trees  in  the 
Bain  orchard  and  also  from  other  young  trees  of  the  same  variety  grow- 
ing in  the  vicinity  of  Lincoln.  Fruit  was  selected  from  old  and  young 
trees  in  different  orchards  in  order  to  fairly  represent  the  variety  as  grown 
under  different  conditions.  Fruit  was  also  secured  from  the  Gano  trees 


Additional  Papers.  19 

to  compare  with  the  former  variety.  In  order  to  fairly  test  the  keep- 
ing qualities  of  Black  Ben  Davis  fruit  from  Ben  Davis  trees  was  secured 
from  the  Bain  '" orchard  where  they  were  growing  under  conditions  com- 
parable with  those  of  Black  Ben  Davis.  It  is  generally  admitted  by  fruit 
growers  that  the  Ben  Davis  and  Gano  are  much  alike  as  to  keeping 
qualities.  Twigs  were  also  secured  from  the  same  trees  so  a  study  of 
their  characters  might  be  made.  Each  member  of  the  committee  took 
portions  of  these  specimens  and  kept  a  part  of  them  in  cold  storage  and 
a  part  of  each  in  ordinary  cellars,  so  as  to  observe  them  at  different  times 
during  the  winter. 

"Some  of  the  points  of  difference  which  different  fruit  growers 
have  from  time  to  time  stated  to  exist  between  Black  Ben  Davis  and 
Gano  are  that  the  former  possessed  a  more  yellow  flesh,  was  firmer 
and  a  better  keeper  and  possessed  a  more  sprightly  flavor,  especially 
toward  spring  than  did  Gano.  Some  have  also  suggested  that  there 
was  a  slight  difference  in  the  shape  and  that  the  former  might  be  of 
higher  color.  After  a  careful  comparison  of  the  apples  once  each 
month  during  the  winter  and  spring  the  committee  are  unable  to  find  any 
difference  between  Gano  and  Black  Ben  Davis.  Black  Ben  Davis 
differed  no  more  from  Gano  than  did  the  individual  specimens  of  each 
sort  differ  among  themselves.  Both  Ben  Davis  and  Gano  kept  as  well 
as  did  Black  Ben  Davis.  So  far  as  the  committee  could  see  Black  Ben 
Davis  and  Gano  were  of  the  same  color  of  flesh,  of  the  same  flavor  and 
of  identical  varietal  character  throughout.  In  each  variety  certain  speci- 
mens kept  better  than  others  and  the  firmer  specimens  of  each  sort  were 
more  crisp  and  of  better  flavor  when  cut  from  time  to  time  than  were 
the  riper  specimens  of  the  same  variety. 

"Some  authorities  have  suggested  that  there  was  a  difference  between 
the  twig  and  leaf  characters.  The  two-year-old  wood  of  Black  Ben 
Davis  has  been  pronounced  more  hairy  than  that  of  Gano  and  the  vena- 
tion of  the  leaves  has  been  said  to  differ.  This  committee  has  not  been 
able  to  distinguish  any  difference  between  the  trees,  twigs  or  leaves  that 
did  not  exist  to  an  equally  marked  degree  between  different  specimens 
of  the  same  variety. 

"The  phenology  of  Black  Ben  Davis  and  of  Gano  has  been  re- 
corded for  trees  of  similar  age  in  the  same  orchard,  where  they  were 
given  similar  treatment.  There  was  no  difference  in  the  time  of  starting 
into  growth  in  spring,  in  the  time  of  blossoming,  in  the  color  or  other 
characters  of  the  flowers  or  in  the  time  of  shedding  of  the  leaves  in 
autumn. 

"Specimens  of  Black  Ben.  Davis  and  Gano  were  taken  to  Washing- 


2O  State  Horticultural  Society. 

ton  by  two  members  of  the  committee  and  submitted  to  test  by  the 
pomologist  and  his  staff  on  March  3,  1903.  This  staff  of  officials  com- 
prised Col.  Brackett,  Pomologist;  Wm.  A.  Taylor,  Pomologist  in  charge 
of  field  investigations;  G.  Harrold  Powell,  H.  P.  Gould  and  W.  P. 
Corsa,  assistant  pomologists,  and  Allen  Dodge  of  the  clerical  force. 

"The  fruit  was  examined  and  tested  by  each  of  the  above  men 
separately.  Neither  the  identity  of  the  two  lots  of  apples  nor  the  opinions 
expressed  by  others  concerning  them  were  shown  to  the  examiners; 
though  the  conditions  surrounding  the  growth  and  subsequent  condi- 
tions of  storage  were  explained  to  them. 

"It  was  the  opinion  of  the  staff,  with  one  exception,  that  the  two 
lots  were  one  and  the  same  variety.  Mr.  Dodge  of  the  clerical  force 
expressed  the  opinion  that  the  lot  marked  (Gano)  contained  specimens 
of  slightly  firmer  texture  and  of  slightly  greater  acidity,  which  might 
be  due  to  the  varietal  difference.  In  other  respects  he  also  pronounced 
them  to  be  the  same. 

"The  committee  secured  this  opinion  from  what  should  no  doubt 
be  considered  the  highest  source  of  opinion  in  §uch  matters  in  the 
country,  not  to  any  way  bias  the  opinion  of  the  committee,  but  in  order 
to  present  the  strongest  possible  evidence  that  could  be  secured  from 
a  test  of  the  fruit  alone. 

"After  finding  no  differences,  either  in  the  fruit  or  in  the  trees  by 
which  they  can  be  separated,  your  committee  is  forced  to  conclude  that 
Black  Ben  Davis  and  Gano  are  one  and  the  same  variety ;  and  that  their 
having  been  regarded  locally  as  being  different  sorts  is  only  another 
case  where  isolated  trees  of  variety,  having  been  brought  to  notice  in 
somewhat  widely  separated  neighborhoods,  have  each  for  a  time  been 
given  different  names  and  each  been  honestly  regarded  as  being  of  dis- 
tinct seedling  origin.  The  original  notes,  correspondence  and  other  data 
upon  which  this  report  is  based  are  herewith  delivered  into  the  possession 
of 'the  society." 

J.  C.  WHITTEN, 
J.  C.  EVANS, 
W.  T.  .FLOURNOY, 

Committee. 

"N.  F.  Murray  moved  that  the  report  of  the  committee  be  received 
and  adopted  and  that  the  committee  be  discharged. 

"The  motion  was  seconded  and  carried  unanimously." 

Since  the  report  of  the  Committee  was  adopted  by  the  society, 
every  member  of  the  Executive  Committee  during  the  World's  Fair  took 


Additional  Papers.  21 

special  pains  to  watch  all  the  specimens  of  the  Gano  and  so  called  Black 
Ben  Davis  that  were  shown  at  the  World's  Fair.  Specimens  were  shown 
from  Oregon,  California,  Washington,  Colorado,  West  Virginia,  Iowa, 
Missouri,  Kansas,  Arkansas  and  possibly  other  states  and  in  every 
instance  they  were  pronounced  identical.  Specimens  varied  in  size, 
shape,  color,  and  quality,  but  in  no  instance  was  there  any  greater  dif- 
ferences than  could  be  found  on  the  same  tree,  and  no  greater  variation 
could  be  found  in  any  specimens  than  occur  from  different  localities  or 
caused  by  different  soils  and  climate.  There  were  far  greater  differ- 
ences in  the  shape  and  appearance  and  color  of  the  Winesap,  grown  in 
Missouri  and  that  grown  in  Oregon  or  Washington,  than  in  the  Gano 
as  above  mentioned.  Not  one,  of  the  twenty  or  more  judges  on  the 
fruits,  although  they  came  from  all  parts  of  the  'country  ever  made  a 
report  that  the  Gano  and  the  so-called  Black  Ben  Davis  were  different, 
but  on  the  contrary  every  one  of  them  who  were  shown  the  specimens 
and  asked  to  name  them  invariably  called  them  Gano:  even  Prof.  Van 
Deman,  in  the  presence  of  Prof,  Ragan,  said  that  "He  could  not  see  any 
difference  in  the  quality,  texture,  or  size  of  the  specimens,  but  thought 
there  was  some  difference  in  the  color  and  markings." 

In  testing  and  examining  hundreds  of  specimens  from  all  over 
the  land  we  confess  our  inability  to  find  any  difference  in  the  nature  or 
quality,  and  in  no  instance  did  we  find  the  flesh  "yellow  like  a  wine- 
sap"  or  any  other  color  except  the  regular  color  and  texture  and  quality 
of  the  flesh  of  the  "Gano." 

One  year  later  the  U.  S.  Pomologist,  G.  B.  Brackett,  re-affirmed  his 
decision,  as  given  to  the  committee,  that  those  apples  were  identical. 
The  other  members  of  the  staff,  Messrs.  Ragan,  Powell,  Taylor  and 
Gould,  judges  at  the  World's  Fair,  gave  it  as%their  opinion  after  further 
examination  that  the  two  apples  were  the  same. 


APPOINTMENT  OF  THE  COMMITTEE. 

The  acceptance  of  this  committee  appointed  by  Mr.  Robnett  and  a 
desire  for  its  appointment  is  given  in  the  following  letters: 

Columbia,  Mo.,  August  22,  1904. 

The  enclosed  shows  that  C.  M.  Stark  was  willing  to  go  to  Arkansas 
and  work  with  the  committee,  also  thought  them  O.  K.,  even  to  Flournoy 
and  Evans  at  that  time.  D.  A.  ROBNETT. 


State  Horticultural  Society. 

Louisiana,   Mo.,  October  8,  1902. 

D.  A.  Robnett. — We  thank  3-011  for  your  kind  favor,  we  appreciate 
your  fairness  and  consideration  and  it  is  a  great  satisfaction  to  have  such 
a  man  at  the  head  of  the  Mo.  State  Horticultural  Society.  Our  C.  M. 
S.  has  received  a  friendly  letter  from  our  mutual  friend  Prof.  Whitten, 
which  he  fully  appreciates  as  he  enjoyed  being  with  the  professor  very 
much,  in  fact  Col.  Evans,  Mr.  Flournoy  and  others.  Again  we  say  it  is  a 
satisfaction  to  have  an  honest  man  in  a  public  position  which  means  so 
much  to  the  great  State  of  Missouri. 

STARK  BROS.,  N.  and  O.   Co., 

W.  P.  STARK,  Treas. 

Louisiana,  September  9,  1902. 

D.  A.  Robnett. — It  is  needless  to  add  that  we  shall  be  glad  to  do 
everything  in  our  power  to  aid  the  committee  in  getting  the  real  facts 
in  the  case. 

STARK  BROS.,  N.  and  O.  Co., 

C.  M.  STARK,  President. 

The  following  letter  gives  Mr.  Flournoy's  report  in  November,  1902 : 
"While  on  a  recent  trip  to  Arkansas  with  others  of  the  committee  to 
visit  the  original  Black  Ben  Davis  trees  growing  on  Mr.  Bain's  place  in 
Washington  county,  to  show  what  the  Black  Ben  Davis  might  be  in 
variations,  I  took  on  the  24th  of  September  two  small  inferior  striped 
apples  from  two  of  the  trees.  The  apples  were  striped  just  as  any 
ordinary  Ben  Davis.  I  took  the  only  striped  ones  found ;  this  may  ac- 
count for  others,  who  might  come  after,  not  rinding  such  fruit  and 
possibly  I  might  have  found  more  such  specimens  if  such  ones  had  not 
been  removed  by  previous  visitors." 

From  these  reports  and  records  it  is  plainly  seen  that  the  Executive 
Committee  and  the  State  Society  have  been  pursuing  the  right  and 
proper  course  to  help  simplify  and  correct  the  nomenclature  of  our  apples. 
Then  all  these  insinuations  and  innuendoes  and  attacks  and  charges 
made  upon  the  Horticultural  Society,  the  Executive  Committee  in  gen- 
eral, the  Treasurer  especially,  and  the  Secretary  in  particular,  were  made 
because  the  Society  reasserted  the  finding  of  the  committee  and  re-af- 
firmed its  belief  in  the  justice  and  uprightness  of  its  decisions. 

If  there  ever  were  any  doubts  about  the  similarity  of  these  two 
apples  there  is  certainly  now,  no  question  in  the  minds  of  the  Exe- 
cutive Committee  that  they  are  identical  and  the  Society  has  done  only 
the  right  thing  in  endorsing  their  former  decision. 


Additional  Papers.  23 

As  a  conclusion  to  this  whole  matter,  then,  the  Executive  Committee 
finds  as  follows : 

1.  The  "Gano,  Black  Ben  Davis  Committee"  decided  correctly  when 
they  said,  there  was  no  difference  between  the  two. 

2.  The  State  Society  did  right  when  it  endorsed  the  findings  of  this 
committee  unanimously. 

3.  The  U.  S.  Pomologist  and  the  Department  of  Pomology  by  all 
its  staff  have  given  their  decision  that  the  two  are  identical. 

4.  The  careful  personal   examinations   made  every  day  during  the 
World's  Fair  by  every  member  of  the  Executive  Committee,  justify  their 
hearty  approval  of  this  finding. 

5.  The  various  judges    who    passed  on    the  fruits    shown  at  the 
World's  Fair  never  called  them  distinct  varieties.   These  judges  were 
some  twenty  or  more  of  the  most  expert  pomologists  in  the  United 
States  and  came  from  all  parts  of  our  country  and  not  one  of  them 
pronounced  them  different. 

6.  The   U.  S.   Department  of   Pomology,  Prof.  W.  H.   Ragan, 
Expert  in  Nomenclature,  has  published  a  record  from  the  Department  and 
he  declares  the  Black  Ben  Davis  is  a  synonym  of  Gano,  just  the  same 
as  he  declares  the  N.  Y.  Pippin  a  synonym  of  Ben  Davis. 

7.  The  "Black  Ben  Davis,"  now  listed  as  "Black  Ben"  by  some,  is 
the  same  in  every  respect,  shape,  size,  quality,  texture  and  color  of 
flesh;  color,  spots  or  dots,  characteristics  of  stem  and  blossom  and  keep- 
ing qualities ;  growth  of  tree  and  productiveness,  each  varying  as  to  color 
and  stripes  somewhat,  because  of  locality,   soil  and   climate.     No  dif- 
ference can  be  discovered  which  would  justify  the  payment  of  any  greater 
prices  for  the  trees  than  for  Gano. 

GANO  APPLE. 

Although  this  apple  dates  back  to  the  year  1839,  the  first  record 
we  have  of  the  appearance  of  the  Gano  apple  before  the  State  Hor- 
ticultural Society  for  name  is  found  in  its  annual  report  of  the  year 
1883,  where  it  is  described  as  follows  by  the  Committee  on  New 
Fruits.  The  apple  was  shown  by  Mr.  Gano  of  Platte  county  and 
supposed  to  be  a  seedling: 

"Size,  above  medium ;  slightly  oblong,  varying  to  roundish  ovate ; 
color,  beautiful  bright  carmine  to  dark  red ;  stem,  medium  in  size  and 
length,  set  in  a  deep  cavity  surrounded  by  greenish  russett;  calix 
closed. or  partly  open  in  a  medium  basin;  flesh  white,  tender,  medium 
juicy,  mild,  sub-acid;  core  and  seed  large;  skin  thick;  quality  good  to 
very  good ;  season,  early  winter ;  well  worthy  of  trial." 


24  State  Horticultural  Society. 

In  our  State  report  for  1884  there  is  a  quotation  from  the  Com- 
mittee on  Fruits  exhibited  at  the  fifth  annual  meeting  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi Valley  Horticultural  Society,  in  January,  1884,  which  reads 
as  follows: 

"Of  the  new  and  promising  varieties  in  the  Missouri  list  are, 
the  Gano,  by  W.  G.  Gano  of  Parkville,  etc." 

From  our  printed  reports  we  also  find  that  specimens  of  the 
Gano  were  sent  to  Chas.  Downing,  both  in  the  fall  of  1883  and  the 
early  part  of  1884,  who  was  delighted  with  the  "beautiful  specimens," 
"so  large  and  handsome,"  and  acknowledged  them  as  a  new  variety 
and  authorized  us  to  name  it  the  Gano,  which  name  had  already  been 
given  it  by  the  Missouri  Valley  Horticultural  Society. 

In  1884,  also,  Mr.  Gano  offered  to  turn  over  to  the  Society  all  the 
scions  that  could  be  obtained  from  the  original  tree,  for  the  purpose 
of  propagation  and  distribution  throu-gh  the  Secretary  of  the  State 
Horticultural  Society.  These  scions  were  delivered  to  Mr.  M.  But- 
terfield  and  to  Blair  and  Kaufman  for  propagation. 

The  apple  was  also  exhibited  at  the  State  meetings  as  shown  by 
the  reports  of  the  Society  for  1885  and  1886.  In  1887,  Mr.  Butterfield 
and  Blair  and  Kaufman  presented  to  the  Society  these  trees  which 
were  distributed  to  the  different  State  Societies;  also  to  prominent 
local  Societies  of  Missouri,  Kansas  and  Arkansas. 

In  the  report  of  1886  an  apple  called  the  Payton  was  exhibited 
which  was  decided  to  be  the  Gano,  and,  in  the  same  year,  a  question 
was  asked  about  an  apple  called  the  Black  Ben  Davis,  and  the  answer 
was  given  that  it  was  the  same  as  the  Gano.  In  the  report  of  1899, 
Prof.  J.  T.  Stinson  of  the  Arkansas  Experiment  Station  exhibited 
apples  called  the  Black  Ben  Davis,  Etris  and  Ark.  Belle,  and  the 
committee,  in  making  their  report  on  these,  decided  "they  are  so 
much  like  Gano,  that  the  committee  are  not  able  to  distinguish  be- 
tween them  and  the  latter  well  known  sort." 


FINANCIAL  STATUS  OF  THE  SOCIETY. 

The  Executive  Committee  believe  it  due  the  members  of  the 
Society  that  the  following  statement  made  by  the  secretary  and  pub- 
lished in  August  should  be  embodied  in  this  volume: 

I.  Each  and  every  step  of  our  Society  work  has  been  taken  with 
the  full  knowledge  and  united  action  of  the  Executive  Committee. 


Additional  Papers.  25 

2.  By  order  of  the  Executive  Committee,  Mr.  A.  Nelson,  former 
treasurer,  deposited  one  thousand  dollars  in  his  own  name  as  treas- 
urer for  one  year  at  four  per  cent,  and  renewed  this  deposit  at  the 
close  of  that  year  for  one  year  longer. 

3.  When  Mr.  Nelson  died,  Mr.  JUitt  T field  was  appointed  in  his 
place.    The  deposit  certificate  which  was  for  one  year,  was  finally  re- 
turned to  the  Executive  Committee.    They  found  it  would  take  some 
time  to  get  matters   settled   and   the  transfer   of  the  money  made,  so 
finally  decided  to  let  it  remain  where  it  was  until  a  treasurer  could 
be  elected  at  the  next  meeting. 

4.  Mr.   Gano  was   elected  treasurer,  and  this  fund  was   finally 
adjusted;  but  from  the  close  of  the  second  year  mentioned  above  till 
the  time  of  final  settlement,  it  drew  only  two  per  cent.     The  fund  at 
this  time  amounted  to  $1,092.62. 

5.  Upon   the  advice  of  an   attorney,  the   Executive  Committee 
decided  to  deposit  this  money  in  the  name  of  the  Society.     The  Vice- 
president  of  the  Mississippi  Trust  Company,  in  which  the  money  was 
deposited,  also  advised  us  to  deposit  in  the  name  of  the  Society,  so 
that  the  Treasurer,  who  ever  he  may  be,  could  draw  the  money  upon 
a  written  order  from  the   Executive  Committee,  signed  by  the  Presi- 
dent and   Secretary.     This   money  was   so  deposited   by   order  of  the 
Executive  Committee,  and  has  been  drawing  two  per  cent  interest 
ever  since.     This  money  is  just  as  much  in  the  hands  of  the  Treasurer, 
and  subject  to  his  check,  and  to  his  check  only,  as  any  other  money; 
but  requires  an  order  of  the   Executive  Committee,  instead  of  the 
President  and  Secretary  alone. 

6.  The  last  report  of  the  Treasurer  shows  that  there  was  nine 
hundred  and  ninety-twro  dollars  and  sixty-two  cents  and  accrued  in- 
terest in  the  hands  of  the  Trust   Company;  and  the   check  book  and 
bank  book  show  that  only  one  check  has  been  drawn  on  this  fund- 
that  of   one   hundred   dollars — for   desks   and   chairs   for   use   at   the 
World's  Fair  Exposition,  arid  then  to  belong  to  the  State  Horticul- 
tural Society. 

7.  The  report  of  the  other  money  in  the  hands  of  the  Treasurer, 
showing  receipts  and  disbursements  and  the  dates  thereof,  is  accord- 
ing to  the  plan  ordered  by  the  Executive  Committee  years  ago,  and 
one  which  has  always  been  folloAved  because  of  its  simplicity,  and 
the  belief  that  it  was  as  good  and  as  safe  a  plan  as  any  other. 

The  Secretary  has  often  collected  money  due  the  Society,  charged 
himself  therewith,  and  used  it  to  defray  current  expenses  before  the 
State  appropriation  was  available.  But  when  available,  full  settle;- 


26  State  Horticultural  Society. 

ment  was  made  with  the  Treasurer,  and  all  receipts  and  disbursements 
entered  upon  the  Treasurer's  books.  Furthermore,  when  no  funds 
were  coming  in,  the  Secretary  would  use  his  own  money  to  pay  So- 
ciety bills,  always  keeping  an  accurate  account  of  debits  and  credits 
till  funds  were  on  hand,  when  he  would  be  reimbursed.  Of  this 
every  member  of  the  Executive  Committee  was  cognizant  and  had 
full  knowledge  of  every  dollar  so  used.  This  led  to  the  plan  of 
settlement  by  balances,  always  followed  by  the  Secretary  and  Treas- 
urer, approved  by  the  Executive  Committee,  for  they  knew  it  was 
safe,  fully  protected  the  work  of  the  Society,  kept  the  little  bills 
always  paid  up,  thus  saving  a  vast  amount  of  annoyance  and  red- 
tape  to  those  furnishing  material  or  rendering  assistance.  The 
seventy-two  dollars  sent  to  the  Secretary  by  the  Maryland  Society 
was  received,  used  and  reported  to  the  Executive  Committee,  and 
then  to  the  Treasurer  in  perfect  accordance  with  the  above  plan. 

8.  No  State  Society  of  our  land  has  clone  more  work  or  earned  a 
better  reputation  for  work  done,  and  no  Society  stands  better  among 
fruit  growers,  State  or  National  Societies,  than  does  the  Missouri 
State  Society.     No  State.  Society  has  done  as  much  for  the  develop 
ment  of  the   fruit   interests   of  its  State,   or  shown   such  wonderful 
results  as  the  Missouri  State  Society.     All  of  which  is  the  result  of 
the  unity  of  effort  among  the  members  of  the  Missouri  State  Society ; 
and  this  unity  will  never  cease  among  the  fruit  growers. 

9.  No  Society  of  our  country  has  clone  what  this  Society  has 
done.    At  every  Horticultural  gathering,  at  every  fruit  display  made 
at  Expositions,  and  at  every  World's  P"air  that  has  been  held  in  this  or 
foreign  lands  for  the  last  twenty-five  years,  we  have  upheld  the  honor 
of  our  State,  sometimes  without  a  dollar  of  appropriation  by  our  Legis- 
lature, and  yet  we  show  a  savings  fund  in  our  hand  of  over  two  thousand 
dollars. 

Then  why  this  issue?  For  twenty-two  years  the  members  of  this 
Society  have  expressed  their  confidence  in  the  Secretary  by  annually 
electing  him  to  this  office,  and  at  the  last  meeting  formally  affirmed 
their  implicit  confidence  in  the  Secretary  and  out-going  Treasurer. 

But  other  issues  of  which  the  Society  is  now  fully  cognizant,  have 
arisen.  The  Executive  Committee  tried  in  a  friendly  way  and  in  every 
possible  manner  consistent  with  honor  and  fidelity  to  adjust  some, 
of  these  controverted  matters ;  but  failing  in  this,  the  Society  upon 
the  recommendation  of  the  Executive  Committee,  re-affirmed  its 
former  resolutions  and  decisions  unanimously.  Thus  it  gave  our 


Additional  Papers.  27 

fruit  growers  plainly  to  understand  that  the  Society  reasserts  its  belief 
in  the  justice  and  uprightness  of  its  decisions. 

The  work  of  the  Executive  Committee,  the  work  of  every  officer 
individually,  the  united  and  harmonious  work  of  all  the  members, 
make  the  record  of  the  Society  for  the  last  twenty-five  years  one  that 
will  stand  well  in  comparison  with  that  of  those  persons  who  have 
never  lifted  their  hands  in  any  way,  or  under  any  circumstances  to 
the  upbuilding  of  our  Society  by  word,  or  assistance  in  fruits,  01  in 
time  or  money  in  a  single  one  of  its  enterprises.  The  Society  has 
made  its  record  and  maintained  its  position  because  of  the  assistance 
given  it  directly  by  our  fruit  growers,  in  all  its  displays,  and  to  them 
belongs  the  credit. 

L.  A.  GOODMAN,  Sec'y. 


STATEMENT  BY  G.  T.  TIPPIN. 

We  do  not  believe,  nor  does  any  one  who  is  not  directly  inter- 
ested, and  is  acquainted  with  the  facts  and  workings  of  the  Missouri 
Horticultural  Society,  that  the  inspiration  and  objects  of  the  attack 
upon  the  officers  of  the  Society  had  their  conception  in  the  desiie  to 
do  the  Society  good  or  protect  its  interests.  Exactly  the  opposite 
was  intended,  as  far  as  the  Society  was  concerned,  and  more  especially 
was  it  an  excuse  to  accumulate  free  advertising. 

No  demand  has  ever  been  made  or  investigation  asked  for  by 
any  one  except  those  interested  in  the  Gano-B.  B.  D.  decision,  and 
that  not  until  after  the  recent  meeting,  when  they  had  failed  to  sus- 
tain their  contention  with  reference  to  the  Gano-Black  Ben  Davis. 
The  attack  was  made  out  of  petty  spite  and  was  not  supported  by  a 
single  member  in  the  State  outside  of  those  directly  interested. 

The  Society,  in  taking  steps  to  justly  settle  the  Gano-B.  B.  D. 
question,  did  so  for  the  interest  and  protection  of  the  public  and  not 
to  injure  any  individual.  In  doing  this  it  only  discharged  one  of  the 
important  functions  of  its  offices,  a  duty  it  owed  to  the  public  in 
imparting  correct  information  upon  all  questions  of  Horticulture 
for  the  benefit  of  those  directly  engaged  in  its  pursuits.  If  claims 
made  by  individuals  as  to  special  merits  of  grafting  on  whole  roots  or 
renaming  new  varieties,  the  latter  on  a  par  with  the  first,  are  not 
sustained,  the  public  is  benefited. 

The  Society  has  only  done  its  duty,  and  criticism  emanating 
from  those  who  are  not  willing  to  submit  to  the  honest  and  fair  find- 


28  State  Horticultural  Society. 

ings  of  those  in  charge  of  the  work  done  in  the  interest  of  the  public 
good  and  correct  nomenclature,  can  do  no  harm.  These  contentions 
have  not  been  worthy  of  consideration  in  the  past,  nor  are  they  at 
present,  for  the  public  does  not  give  more  than  an  ordinary  patent 
medicine  advertisement- weight  to  news  matter  that  has  to  be  paid 
for  to  get  into  print,  and  only  in  as  far  as  they  cast  a  reflection  upon 
the  officers  of  the  Society  would  we  make  any  reply. 

If  all  the  citizens  of  Missouri  could  have  been  at  the  St.  Louis 
meeting  it  would  not  be  necessary  to  do  even  that.  The  officers  of 
the  Society  court  investigation,  and  in  this  connection  I  desire  to 
state  that,  while  some  through  spite  have  tried  to  cast  reflections 
upon  Secretar^  Goodman,  the  records  of  the  Society  are  open  to  the 
public.  Every  cent  of  its  funds  are  accounted  for  with  a  nice  balance 
in  the  treasury,  part  of  which  is  deposited  with  the  Mississippi  Valley 
Trust  Company,  St.  Louis,  in  the  name  of  the  Society,  subject  only 
to  the  check  of  the  Treasurer  by  the  authority  of  the  Executive  Board. 
Formerly  this  money  was  deposited  in  the  name  of  the  Treasurer, 
subject  to  check  by  the  authority  of  the  Secretary  and  President. 
This  was  the  case  when  Treasurer  Nelson  died.  The  funds  being 
in  his  name  at  the  time,  it  took  some  time  to  get  it  in  shape  so  it 
could  be  checked  out. 

After  consulting  with  legal  authorities  and  the  officers  of  the 
Trust  Company  it  was  decided  that  it  would  be  best  to  deposit  this  fund 
in  the  name  of  the  Society  subject  to  the  check  of  the  Treasurei, 
after  being  authorized  by  the  Executive  Board.  This  was  done  so  in 
case  of  the  death  of  the  Treasurer,  his  successor  could  check  it  out 
on  the  same  authority  without  any  delay  as  was  before  experienced. 

I  have  been  a  member  of  the  Society  the  past  two  years,  during 
which  time  the  Gano-B.  B.  D.  investigation  was  made,  which  has 
caused  all  the  trouble  (and  had  the  findings  of  the  committee  been 
on  the  other  side  there  would  not  have  been  any  trouble  and  no 
charges),  and  if  they  could  have  succeeded  in  getting  the  Society  to 
rescind  its  action  there  would  be  no  trouble  now. 

No  act  in  this  connection  has  been  to  serve  any  selfish  or  per- 
sonal interest. 

Recognizing  the  importance  of  the  work  done  by  our  Society  for 
correct  nomenclature,  and  in  view  of  the  fact  that  many  of  the  most 
serious  experiences  and  losses  to  fruit  growers  come  from  misnaming 
varieties,  the  National  Pomological  Society,  at  its  last  annual  meeting, 
took  similar  steps  looking  to  the  correction  of  abuses  along  the  same 
lines,  adopting  among  others,  the  following: 


Additional  Papers.  29 

"As  in  article  three,  that  in  the  light  of  past  experiences  the  un- 
restricted naming  of  fruit  varieties  by  originators,  discoverers  and  in- 
troducers has  resulted  in  complexity,  confusion  and  frequent  duplica- 
tion of  fruit  names,  alike  destructive  to  scientific  accuracy  in  pomology 
and  detrimental  to  the  best  interests  of  both  the  amateur  and  the 
commercial  grower. 

Also  Rule  2,  article  A.  "No  variety  shall  be  named  unless  dis- 
tinctly superior  to  existing  varieties  in  some  important  characteristic, 
nor  until  it  has  been  determined  to  perpetuate  it  by  bud  propagation." 

At  the  recent  meeting  of  the  Missouri  Society  in  St.  Louis,  no 
objection  was  made  except  from  the  source  referred  to  and  the  ques- 
tion raised  by  them  was  satisfactorily  explained  to  every  one  but 
themselves,  and  unanimously  sustained,  and  when,  as  you  have  stated, 
the  parties  casting  reflections  by  innuendo  were  asked  by  the  Society 
to  put  their  charges  in  writing,  they  failed  to  do  so. 

It  was  the  general  opinion  of  ail  those  fully  acquainted  with  the 
matter  that  the  object  of  their  pernicious  attack  was  to  force  the 
Society,  rather  than  to  submit  to  the  insinuations,  to  shut  them  off. 
Then  they  could  say  they  could  not  get  a  hearing  before  the  Society 
on  account  of  prejudice  and  use  the  statement  as  an  advertisement. 

The  frequent  use  of  the  statement  "that  it  was  the  first  oppor- 
tunity" they  had  had  to  present  their  grievances,  leaving  the  impres- 
sion that  such  opportunity  had  been  denied  them,  when  they  or  no 
one  else  had  ever  been  denied  any  opportunity  before  the  Society, 
gave  proof  of  this  conclusion.  One  of  the  Starks  asked  to  be  ap- 
pointed on  the  finance  committee,  probably  for  the  same  purpose, 
thinking  more  than  likely  he  would  not  be  appointed,  but  when  he 
was  appointed,  made  an  excuse  that  he  could  not  serve. 

We  are  not  one  who  believes  in  condoning  the  misdeeds  of  a  pub- 
lic officer,  political  or  social,  nor  are  we  willing  to  see  them  wrongly 
condemned. 

We  are  so  familiar  with  all  the  facts  and  motives  patent  to  this 
case  that  we  would  be  derelict  of  our  duty  did  we  remain  silent.  We 
do  not  claim  that  any  one  is  dishonest  in  their  views,  claims  or  opin- 
ions in  this  controversy. 

The  Society  unanimously  adopted  a  statement  at  its  last  meet- 
ing reaffirming  its  position  on  the  Gano-Black  Ben  Davis  contro- 
versy. This  statement  was  recommended  by  the  Executive  Board 
after  being  duly  considered.  They  declined  to  accept  a  statement  that 
had  been  submitted  to  them  for  their  signatures,  compromising  the 
former  action  of  the  Society. 


3<">  State  Horticultural  Society. 

This  original  statement  is  in  the  possession  of  the  Board,  those 
members  of  the  Board  having  signed  it  having  erased  their  names 
after  discovering  its  full  purport,  thereby  annulling  the  whole  thing, 
and  consequently  it  never  became  a  signed  instrument.  We  have 
understood  that  some  who  claimed  to  have  a  copy  of  the  original 
would  publish  it.  However,  we  do  not  think  any  one  would  resort 
to  demagogery  like  this,  even  for  advertising  purposes,  as  in  fact, 
the  copy  was  never  signed  at  all  and  would  be  a  forgery,  as  the 
original  never  became  an  instrument  in  fact. — George  T.  Tippin,  in 
American  Truck  Farmer. 


REPORT  OF  SPECIAL  FINANCE  COMMITTEE. 

Pres.  Whitten. — In  the  absence  of  Mr.  Greensfelder,  chairman 
of  the  Special  Committee  on  Finance,  who  was  unable  to  be  present 
on  account  of  a  meeting  of  the  State  Board  of  Agriculture,  I  will 
comply  with  his  request  and  read  the  report  which  I  have  received 
from  him.  Other  members  of  the  committee  are  also  unavoidably 
absent. 

Columbia,  Mo.,  Dec.  7,  1904. 

Professor  J.  C.  Whitten,  Esq.,  Pres.  Mo.  Horticultural  Society,  Co- 
lumbia, Mo. : 

Dear  Sir — Have  received  this  day  a  letter  from  Mr.  Geo.  B.  Ellis, 
Secretary  of  the  Missouri  State  Board  of  Agriculture,  notifying  me 
that  the  President  of  the  Board  had  appointed  me  a  member  of  the 
auditing  committee  and  to  make  a  report  at  the  next  annual  meeting 
of  the  Board  to  be  held  Dec.  20,  1904. 

This  will  prevent  me  from  being  present  at  the  meeting  of  the 
Horticultural  Society  at  Neosho,  which  is  to  be  held  on  the  same  day, 
I  therefore  hand  you  the  report  of  the  committee,  appointed  by  you 
to  examine  into  the  expenditure  of  a  certain  fund  of  your  Society, 
which  I  had  prepared  to  read  at  the  Society  meeting.  Sorry  I  am 
of  the  conflict  of  meetings,  as  I  should  have  been  glad  to  be  with  you. 

Yours  truly, 

M.  B.  GREENSFELDER. 

Clayton,  September  14,  1904. 

Professor  J.  C.  Whitten,  President  of  the  Horticultural  Society  of 
Missouri : 
Dear  Sir — On  August  3ist,  1904,  you  appointed  as  a  committee 


Winter  Meeting.  31 

M.  B.  Greensfelder,  Clayton,  Mo.,  cliairman;  Professor  S.  A.  Hoover, 
Warrensburg,  Mo.;  Capt.  C.  13.  McAfee,  §pringfield,  Mo.,  to  act  as 
per  resolutions  adopted  at  the  meeting  of  your  Society  held  the  7th 
day  of  June,  1904,  which  reads  as  follows : 

"I  move  you,  Mr.  President,  that  a  committee  of  three  be  ap- 
pointed to  investigate  this  fund  of  $1,000.00  or  more,  for  which  no 
report  was  made  to  this  meeting  by  the  treasurer,  ascertaining  who 
is  the  custodian  of  this  fund,  and  (2)  by  whose  authority  they  are 
acting;  (3)  ascertaining  from  what  source  the  fund  was  derived, 
tracing  it  from  its  incipiency  down  (4)  to  the  present  date;  (5)  in- 
forming the  Society  who  has  been  handling  it;  (6)  what  additions 
have  been  made  to  it ;  (7)  who  has  been  drawing  warrants  or  checks 
against  it  and  for  what  purpose  such  disbursements  have  been  made. 
This  committee  further  to  have  the  authority  to  at  once  take  posses- 
sion of  this  fund  and  turn  it  over  to  the  treasurer  who  is  the  proper 
custodian  of  all  funds  belonging  to  the  Society." 

On  Sept.  8,  1904,  the  gentlemen  named  by  you  met  at  the  Horti- 
cultural Hall,  World's  P'air  Grounds,  together  with  Treasurer  W.  G. 
Gano  of  Parkville,  and  Secretary  L.  A.  Goodman,  and  as  answers 
to  the  questions  asked  in  above  resolution,  report  as  follows : 

1.  The  custodian  of  the  fund  is  the  Mississippi  Valley  Trust  Co. 
•of  St.  Louis,  in  account  with  the  Missouri  State  Horticultural  Society. 

2.  Checks,  when  drawn  on  this  fund,  are  signed  by  the  Treasurer 
of  your  Society  by  order  of  the  Executive  Committee. 

3.  The  source  from  whence  the  fund  was  derived,  tracing  it  from 
its  incipiency,  is  as  follows : 

On  December  10,  1892,  there  was  a  balance  in  treasury  of  $302.31, 
as  per  report  herewith  submitted  as  it  appears  on  page  140  of  the 
report  of  1892. 


State  Horticultural  Society. 


Carthage,  December,  10,  1892. 

Report  of  A.  Nelson,  treasurer  of  the  Missouri  State  Horticultural 
Society,  for  the  year  ending  December  10,  1892. 


1892. 


RECEIPTS. 


JuneS..  ..  Balance  on  hand  at  last  report  .............  .............   .................  $59198 

July  16.  ..  Draft  from  State  Treasurer  ..............................................  20833 

Aug.  8.   ..                                   "                       ...........................  20866 

Sept.  10  ..                                                         .................................................  20833 

Oct.  8  .....                                                            .................................................  20833 

Membership  ...............................................................  2100 

Nov.  5  .....  Draft  from  State  Treasurer  .................................................  20833 

Total  .............  1,654  96 

Membership  .......................................  ,  ...........................  2400 

NevadaBank  ............................................................  3619 

$1,715  15 

1892.  DISBURSEMENTS. 

June  9....    Warrant  No.  189,  postofflce,   $13.93,    express,    $2.55,    railroad  Jefferson 

City,  $12.55,  salary  for  April,  $66.66  .....................................  $9569 

June  9  .....  Warrant  No.  19U,  postofflce.  $30.44,  printing,  $20.00,  railroad  St.  Joseph, 

$7.30,  salary  for  May,  $66.66  ...............................................  12444 

July  11.  ..  Warrant  No.  191,  postoffice,  $13.08,  express,  $5.10,  salary  for  June,  $66.66  84  84 

July  14.  ..  Warrant  No.  192,  expense  at  Chillicothe,  cash  paid  for  express,  etc  ......  37  05 

July  14.  ..  VV  arrant  No.  193,  expenses  at  Chillicothe  for  society  ......................  7840 

July  14.  ..  Warrant  No.  194,  premiums  at  summer  meeting  ..........................  3000 

Aug.  3..  ..  Warrant  No.  195,  postofflce  bill  $87.22,  freight  $5.18,  postofflce  cards, 

$6.50,  railroad  to  St.  Louis,  $13,  salary  July  $66.66  ........................  173  46 

Aug.  3..  ..  Warrant  No.  196,  40  mounted  birds  ...........  '.  ........................  4055 

Sept.  5.  ..  Warrant  No.  197,  A.  Nelson,  expenses  to  St.  Louis  .........................  1380 

Sept.  6.  ..  Warrant  No.  198,  postofflce,  $13.17,  freight  and  express,  $7.68,  salary 

for  August,  $66.66  ..........................................................  8751 

Oct.  5  .....  Warrant  No.  199,  Tribune  Printing  Co.,  reports  ...........................  6050 

Nov.  4.  ..  Warrant  No.  200,  postoffice,  $35.78,  express,  railroad  and  printing,  $37,53, 

salary  for  September  and  October,  $133.33  ..............................  20666 

Dec.  10  —  Warrant  No.  201,  postoffice,  $25.98,  printing  and  plates,  $33.30,  expenses 

at  Carthage,  $17.35,  salary  for  November,  $66.66  ........................  14329 

Dec.  10.  .  .  .  Warrant  No.  202,  premiums,  $90,  postoffice,  tablets,  etc.,  $8.80  ...........  98  80 

Dec.  10....  Warrant  No.  203.  expenses  J.  C.  Evans,  N.  F.  Murray,  S.  Miller,  A. 

Nelson,  M.  E.  Murtfeldt,  etc  ............................................  12535 

Dec.  10  —  Warrant  No.  204,  balance  due  on  birds  .....................................  7  50 

.  $1.412  84 

Balance  in  Treasury  ..........................................     .....  $30231 


A.  NELSON,  Treasurer. 

We,  the  Committee  on  Finance,  having  examined  the  accounts  of 
the  Treasurer  and  the  warrants  issued  by  the  President,  would  report 
that  we  have  examined  the  same,  and  find  them  correct. 

'G.  W.  HOPKINS, 
HENRY  SPEER, 
A.  B.  SLOAN, 

Committee. 

On  pages  260  and  261  of  the  report  for  1900  there  is  printed  as 
follows : 

Report  of  Treasurer  A.  Nelson,  Lebanon,  Mo.,  Dec.  6,  1900. 

I  am  glad  to  be  able  to  report  to  you  such  a  prosperous  condition 
of  our  finances.  While  we  have  been  well  treated  by  our  State  in 
all  its  appropriations,  yet  we  have  been  all  this  time  doing  something 


Winter  Meeting. 


33 


for  ourselves  also;  and  we  have  taken  part  of  this  fund  of  our  own 
making  and  put  it  in  a  safe  place  for  keeping,  so  that  we  may  always 
have  something  to  use  in  case  of  necessity. 

At  the  close  of  our  report  on  December  10,  1892,  as  will  be  seen 
on  page  140  of  the  report  for  1892,  we  had  on  hand  of  our  savings 
$302.31. 

The  Society  has  earned  and  received  in  cash  from 


World's  Fair  in  settlement.  June,  1894 

From  St.  Louis  Exposition  in  November,  1894 

From  St.  Louis  Exposition  in  November,  1895 

From  Omaha  Exposition 


Total, , 


$165  80 
150  70 
236  81 
323  70 

$1,179  32 


This  money  was  paid  for  the  Society  by  the  officers  giving  their 
time  and  energy  for  the  upholding  of  the  glory  of  our  State  in  its  fruit 
displays,  and  should  be  kept  for  some  special  purpose  for  the  work 
and  honor  of  the  Society.  Of  this  $1,179.32,  by  a  vote  of  the  Execu- 
tive Committee,  I  have  deposited  with  the  Mississippi  Valley  Trust 
Co.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  $1,000  drawing  four  per  cent  interest  for  one 
year,  and  hold  their  certificates  for  the  above  amount. 


June  30... 

RECEIPTS.  - 

1900,  balance  on  hand. 

$329  78 

July,  cash  from  State  Auditor  

,l,l<i6  05 

October,  cash  from  State  Auditor 

490  69 

From  Omaha  Exposition  

323  70 

Dec.  7  

Membership  40,  A.  Nelson 

40  00 

Memberseip  17,  L.  A.  Goodman  

17  00 

Total  

$2,367  22 

DISBURSEMENTS  . 

Deposited  with  Mississippi  Valley  Trust  Oo 

$1  000  00 

, 

P'armington,  Mo.,  Dec.  6,  1900. 

Mr.  President — We,  your  committee,  beg  leave  to  report  that  we 
have  carefully  examined  the  accounts  of  Treasurer  Nelson,  finding 
due  credit  for  all  moneys  received  and  vouchers  for  all  moneys  paid 
and  the  same  to  be  correct  as  reported. 

GEO.  T.  TIPPIN, 
J.  C.  EVANS, 
T.  R.  PEYTON, 

Committee. 

4.  The  $1,000  deposited  with  the  Trust  Company  realized  for  the 
first  year  $40.00  interest;  for  the  second  year  at  3  per  cent,  $31.20; 
for  the  third  year,  at  2  per  cent,  $21 .42 ;  so  that  on  July  21,  1903,  there 
was  on  deposit  $1,092.62. 


MSHS— 3 


34  State  Horticultural  Society. 

On  page  269  of  the  44th  Annual  -Report  for  1901,  the  Committee 
on  Finance  report  as  follows : 

"The  Committee  on  Finance  beg  leave  to  report  that  they  have 
carefully  examined  the  treasurer's  report  and  find  the  same  '.o  be 
correct.  Vouchers  accompany  the  report  showing  the  disbursements 
of  all  moneys  paid  out.  We  also  find  certificate  of  deposit  in  Missis- 
sippi Valley  Trust  Co.  bank  to  the  credit  of  the  Missouri  State  Horti- 
cultural Society  for  $1,071.20,  dated  July  17,  1901. 

GEO.  T.  TIPPIN,  Chairman, 
H.  S.  WAYMAN, 
F.  H.  SPEAKMAN. 

On  motion,  report  of  Committee  on  Finance  was  accepted." 

5.  As  to  who  has  been  handling  it,  is  answered  that  the  fund 
has  been  out  on  interest  from  1900  up  to  date,  with  one  draft  made 
upon  it  as  will  appear  later  on. 

6.  On  the  I3th  day  of  June,  1904,  an  addition  of  $500  was  made 
to  the  fund  by  order  of  the  Executive  Committee  of  your  Society, 
so  that  with  interest  accumulated  there  was  a  balance  of  $[,512.52 
at  this  date  to  the  credit  of  the  Society,  as  per  deposit  book  submitted 
to  us  of  the  Trust  Company. 

St.  Louis,  Sept.  13,  1904. 
Mr.  M.  B.  Greensfelder,  P.  O.  Box  96,  Columbia,  Mo. : 

Dear  Sir — Referring  to  your  favor  of  I2th  inst.,  I  beg  to  advise 
the  balance  to  credit  of  account  Missouri  State  Horticultural  Society 
at  close  of  fJusiness  today  is  $1,477.61.  This  account  is  subject  to 
check  of  the  Society  when  signed  by  the  Treasurer. 

Your  very  truly, 

H.  C.  IBBOTSON,  Assistant  Secretary. 

7.  The  only  draft  made  on  the  fund  to  date  was  ordered  by  the 
Executive  Committee  and  a  check  was   drawn  by  Treasurer   Gano 
December  21,  1903,  for  $100.00,  which  was  used  to  pay  for  two  decks 
and  four  chairs  bought  by  the  Society  from  G.  B.  Carstarphen,  trustee 
of  U.  S.  Trust  Co.,  which  furniture  is  now  in  use  at  the  Mo.  Exhibit 
in  Horticultural  Hall  at  St.  Louis,  and  after  the  Fair  will  be  subject 
to  the  order  of  your  Executive  Committee.    On  page  197  of  the  46th 
Report  for  1903,  you  find  a.s  follows: 

"The  Society  also  has  on  deposit  in  the  Mississippi  Valley  Trust 
Co.  at  St.  Louis  $992.62  and  accrued  interest. 


}]•' inter  Meeting.  35 

We,  your  Committee  on  Finance,  have  examined  the  report  of  the 
Treasurer,  together  with  the  vouchers  and  bills,  and  find  all  correct 
as  reported. 

(Signed)  T.  H.  TODD,  New  Franklin, 
HENRY  Sen  NELL,  Glasgow, 
W.  T.  FLOURNOY,  Marionville." 

The  $100.00  expended  for  the  furniture  is  deducted  from  the 
fund  as  reported  by  the  Finance  Committee. 

8.  The  fund  being  already  subject  to  the  joint  order  of  the 
Treasurer  and  your  Executive  Committee  on  deposit  at  the  Mississippi 
Valley  Trust  Co.,  there  was  no  action  necessary  on  the  part  of  this 
committee  to  make  use  of  authority  granted  to  take  possession  of  the 
fund  and  turn  it  over  to  the  Treasurer. 

September  30,  1904. 

The   difference  between   $1,512.52   on   hand  Sept.  8,   1904,   and 
$1,477.61  in  Trust  Company  on  Sept.  13,  1904,  is  accounted  for  by  an 
accretion  of  interest  amounting  to  $5.09,  and  a  draft  on  the  fund  for 
$40.00  to  pay  for  a  couch  now  in  use  at  World's  Fair  headquarters. 
Thus  reporting,  we  are, 

Yours  truly, 

M.  B.  GREENSFELDER, 
S.  A.  HOOVER, 

Committee. 

Springfield,  Mo.,  October  13,  1904. 
Ah*.  B.  Greensf elder  : 

Dear  Sir — If  I  failed  to  sign  and  approve  report,  it  was  an  over- 
sight.  I  do  approve  it;  and  to  save  time,  authorize  you  to  sign  my 
name  to  report. 

Yours,  etc., 

C.   B.  McAFEE. 

P.  S. — Been  absent  for  the  last  week — Me. 

J.  M.  Irvine — I  move  that  the  report  be  accepted,  and  the  commit- 
tee be  discharged. 

C.  W.  Steiman — I  second  the  motion. 

The  motion  was  carried,  and  the  report  was  accepted,  and  the 
committee  discharged. 


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